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膝骨關節炎病人醫療情境的建立與分析

SCENARIO ANALYSIS FOR PATIENTS WITH OSTEOARTHRITIS OF THE KNEE

賴俊良

仰恩大學公共管理系副教授

方國定

國立雲林科技大學資訊管理系教授

Chun-Liang Lai

Associate Professor, Department of Public Management, Yang-En University

Kwoting Fang

Professor, Department of Information Management,
National Yunlin University of Science and Technology

 

 

 

 

 

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求偶思維對自我複雜度、共品牌契合度與雌雄同體共品牌評價之影響

THE INFLUENCE OF MATING MIND-SETS ON SELF-COMPLEXITY, CO-BRAND FIT, AND ANDROGYNOUS CO-BRAND EVALUATION

蔡進發

國立嘉義大學企業管理學系副教授

蕭至惠

國立嘉義大學行銷與觀光管理學系教授兼系主任

廖玉齡

吳鳳科技大學觀光休閒管理學系助理教授
國立嘉義大學行銷與觀光管理學系博士生

陳冠穎

台南應用科技大學旅館管理系助理教授兼系主任

Chin-Fa Tsai

Associate Professor, Department of Business Administration,
National Chiayi University

Chih-Hui Hsiao

Professor and Chairman, Department of Marketing and Tourism Management,
National Chiayi University

Yu-ling Liao

Assistant Professor, Department of Tourism and Leisure Management,
WuFeng University

Doctoral Student, Department of Marketing and Tourism Management,
National Chiayi University

Kuan-Ying Chen

Assistant Professor and Chairman, Department of Hotel Management,
Tainan University of Technology

摘要

本文將求偶思維的觀念應用在雌雄同體共品牌的研究上，試圖檢驗求偶思維、自我複雜度、共品牌契合度與雌雄同體共品牌評價之間的關係，並檢驗性別對雌雄同體共品牌評價的影響，是否會受到求偶思維所干擾。本研究採用實驗設計方式，將募集的290位受測者隨機分派到求偶思維情境與非求偶思維情境，進行實驗、蒐集資料並驗證假說。結果顯示：(1)求偶思維、自我複雜度與共品牌契合度會正向影響雌雄同體共品牌評價，(2)求偶思維會正向影響自我複雜度與共品牌契合度，(3)性別對雌雄同體共品牌評價的影響會受到求偶思維所干擾。

關鍵字：求偶思維、自我複雜度、共品牌契合度、雌雄同體共品牌評價

ABSTRACT

This study applies the concept of mating mind-sets to the filed of androgynous co-brand and attempts to examine the relationships among mating mind-sets, self-complexity, co-brand fit, and androgynous co-brand evaluation. Besides, this study also attempts to examine whether mating mind-sets moderates the effect of gender on androgynous co-brand evaluation. This study adopts experimental design to collect data and to examine proposed hypotheses. 290 recruited subjects are randomly distributed to any one of both mating mind-sets and non-mating mind-sets situation. This results show that (1) Mating mind-sets, self-complexity, and co-brand fit positively influence androgynous co-brand evaluation. (2) Mating mind-sets positively influence both self-complexity and co-brand fit, respectively. (3) Mating mind-sets moderates the effect of gender on androgynous co-brand evaluation.

Keywords: Mating Mind-sets, Self-complexity, Co-brand Fit, Androgynous Co-brand Evaluation

回目錄

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公司治理與內部控制缺失關聯性研究－以上市銀行業為例

THE RESEARCH OF THE CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND INTERNAL CONTROL DEFICIENCIES.─THE STUDY SAMPLE WAS LISTED ON THE BANKING SECTOR

黃劭彥

國立中正大學會計與資訊科技研究所教授

陳成宗

國立中正大學高階主管管理研究所碩士

鄭博仁

國立中正大學會計與資訊科技研究所研究生

Shaio-Yan Huang

Professor, Department of Accounting and Information Technology,
National Chung Cheng University

Cheng-zong Chen

Master, Department of Accounting and Information Technology,
National Chung Cheng University

PO-Jen Cheng

Graduate Student, Department of Accounting and Information Technology,
National Chung Cheng University

摘要

隨著金融法令的開放，大型金融集團興起，金融商品推陳出新。但金融海嘯以後，公司治理機制再次喚起大家的重視，加上金融業內部控制未能落實，金管會對金融業之裁罰件數持續上昇。本研究探討公司治理機制與內部控制缺失的關聯性，研究樣本為2004至2011年上市之銀行業（包含金控公司旗下銀行）。本研究選取大股東持股比例；獨立董監事席次佔董監事總席次之比例；董事兼任經理人席次；法人股東持股比例；平均每席董監酬勞等五項變數。以邏輯斯多變量分析及迴歸分析該五項變數與內部控制缺失的關聯性。經實證結果得知：

大股東持股比例與是否因內部控制缺失受裁罰呈顯著正相關。

獨立董監事席次佔董監事總席次之比例與是否因內部控制缺失受裁罰以及受裁罰次數均呈顯著正相關。

董事兼任經理人席次與是否因內部控制缺失受裁罰以及受裁罰次數均呈顯著負相關。

法人股東持股比例與是否因內部控制缺失受裁罰以及受裁罰次數均呈顯著負相關。

平均每席董監酬勞與是否因內部控制缺失受裁罰呈顯著正相關。

關鍵字：內部控制、公司治理、裁罰

ABSTRACT

The financial cliques rise, due to the relaxation of financial regulations. After the financial turmoil, corporate governance arouses people’s attention. In addition, internal control of financial institutions have not been implemented, numbers of penalty of financial institutions increase continuously. This study investigates the association of corporate governance and internal control deficiencies .The study sample was listed on the banking sector (including the banks under FHCs), during the period from 2004 to 2011, and selected five variables: the largest shareholder; independent directors and supervisors seats in percentage; the number of directors to serve as managers; corporate shareholder equity ratio; average per table of directors 'and supervisors' salary. Using multivariate logistic regression and regression analysis to analyze the relevance between the five variables and internal control deficiencies. Concluded as follows：

A significant correlation between the largest shareholding ratio and penalty times due to internal control deficiencies.

A significant correlation between the independent directors and supervisors’ seats in percentage and penalty times & frequency due to internal control deficiencies and frequency.

Significant negative correlation between the number of directors to serve as managers and penalty times & frequency due to internal control deficiencies and frequency.

Significant negative correlation between corporate shareholder equity ratio and penalty times & frequency due to internal control deficiencies and frequency.

A significant correlation between average per table of directors 'and supervisors' salary and penalty due to the internal control deficiencies.

Keywords: Corporate Governance, Internal Control, Penalty

回目錄

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應用資料探勘於醫療人員之病人安全文化─以中部某大型區域級教學醫院為例

APPLICATION OF DATA MINING IN MEDICAL-RELATED PERSONNEL OF THE PATIENT SAFETY CULTURE FROM A REGIONAL TEACHING HOSPITAL IN CENTRAL TAIWAN

李怡慶

澄清綜合醫院中港分院醫療品管部
弘光科技大學健康事業管理系助理教授
中山醫學大學醫療產業科技管理學系

林苡甄

國立彰化師範大學企業管理學系碩士班

翁紹仁

東海大學工業工程與經營資訊學系助理教授

黃志璿

東海大學企業管理學系助理教授

謝宛霖

東海大學工業工程與經營資訊學系助理教授

吳信宏

國立彰化師範大學企業管理學系教授

Yii-Ching Lee

Collaborative Director, Department of Medical Quality Management,
Cheng Ching General Hospital-Chung Kang Branch

Assistant Professor, Department of Health Business Administration,
Hung Kuang University

The School of Health Policy and Management, Chung Shan Medical University

Yi-Chen Lin

Graduate Student, Department of Business Administration,
National Changhua University of Education

Shao-Jen Weng

Assistant Professor, Department of Industrial Engineering and Enterprise Information,
Tunghai University

Chih-Hsuan Huang

Assistant Professor, Department of Business Administration, Tunghai University

Wan-Lin Hsieh

Assistant Professor, Department of Industrial Engineering and Enterprise Information,
Tunghai University

Hsin-Hung Wu

Professor, Department of Business Administration,
National Changhua University of Education

摘要

近年來醫療品質及病人安全的議題逐漸在世界各國受到重視，而醫療團隊合作為病人安全文化的塑造之首要關鍵，醫療團隊的運作需要人的互相支持，許多的研究指出，職業倦怠或是疲勞的醫療從業人員與較差的醫療照護成果或是醫療錯誤呈現正相關。因此本研究以中部某大型區域級教學醫院內部的醫療相關人員為研究對象，針對2014新版病人安全文化調查問卷中的復原力構面進行分析，利用SOM 結合K-Means分群方式，結果顯示可將醫療相關人員分為十二群，其中集群2、5、8與11，在復原力每題平均分數皆高於平均值，表示這些人員在工作上較不容易感到疲倦，而集群9與10則在復原力每題平均分數皆低於平均值，表示這些人員在工作上感到疲倦的程度較高，並透過敘述性統計分析，從中找出有用的資訊，協助醫療機構發現需要幫助的單位與員工並提供建議。

關鍵字：病人安全文化、安全態度量表、資料探勘

ABSTRACT

In recent years, the quality of care and patient safety issues in the world have gained attention gradually, and the cooperation of a medical team is the primary key to shape patient safety culture. During the operational needs, the support from one another in the medical team is critically important. Many researches have indicated that burnout or fatigue of medical personnel and poor health care outcomes or medical errors are positively correlated. Therefore, this research used the medical-related personnel as the sample from a regional teaching hospital, analyzed the emotional exhaustion dimension of the 2014 version of the patient safety culture questionnaire. By combining the cluster analysis of SOM and K-Means, the results show that the medical personnel are found to be divided into twelve clusters. Clusters 2, 5, 8, and 11 have average scores higher than the average scores for all questions in emotional exhaustion dimension, indicating that these personnel at work are less likely to feel exhausted, while Cluster 9 and 10 have average scores lower than the average scores for all questions in emotional exhaustion dimension, indicating that these personnel at work are in a high degree of fatigue. Through the descriptive statistical analyses, the useful information can be found and summarized to help medical institutions to identify the hospital units and personnel that should be improved.

Keywords: Patient Safety Culture, Safety Attitude Questionnaire, Data Mining

回目錄

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第四代行動電話服務之需求預測─成長曲線法之應用

Forecasting demand for 4G mobile services - An application of the growth curve method

林依嫻

真理大學工業管理與經營資訊學系

馮炳勳

真理大學工業管理與經營資訊學系助理教授

陳思妤

真理大學工業管理與經營資訊學系

馬彩瑜

真理大學工業管理與經營資訊學系

I-Hsien Lin

Department of Industrial Management & Enterprise Information, Aletheia University

Ping-Hsun Feng

Assistant Professor, Department of Industrial Management & Enterprise Information,
Aletheia University

Szu-Yu Chen

Department of Industrial Management & Enterprise Information, Aletheia University

Tsai-Yu Ma

Department of Industrial Management & Enterprise Information, Aletheia University

摘要

本文目的是以成長曲線的方法，進行台灣4G行動寬頻用戶數的預測。研究首先從國家通訊傳播委員會蒐集有關我國行動電話用戶數的歷史資料並加以比較分析，然後分別以珀爾曲線模型及甘培茲曲線模型進行4G用戶數的預測，以瞭解成長曲線在4G用戶數預測上的實用性。事後預測的研究結果顯示，甘培茲曲線模型的預測誤差為15.39%，明顯低於珀爾曲線模型的62.50%，但兩者的預測誤差均屬偏高。探究其原因，本研究認為台灣的電信商在4G開台後，為了衝刺市佔率，以優惠促銷手法鼓勵用戶從2G或3G升級到4G，導致部分用戶即便持有的手機不支援4G通訊技術，但為獲取升級後的優惠，仍將用戶登記變更為4G，造成4G用戶數的統計失真。雖然這些未使用4G技術的用戶最終仍可能轉換為4G手機使用，但提早登記為4G用戶，將使得模型在參數估計時誤判成長曲線提早進入成長期，因而對於未來的預測出現高估的現象。

關鍵字：生命週期曲線、珀爾曲線、甘培茲曲線

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this paper is to use Pearl curve model and Gompertz curve model to forecast the subscribers of Taiwan 4G mobile broadband. The result shows that ex post forecast error of Gompertz curve model is 15.39%, significantly lower than the 62.50% of Pearl curve model, but both belong to the high forecast error. This phenomenon is due to the telecommunications provider in Taiwan encourage users to upgrade from 2G or 3G to 4G even they holding the phone does not support 4G. This 4G subscribers statistical distortion condition leads to increased difficulty in forecasting

Keywords: Life Cycle Curve, Pearl Curve, Gomoertz Curve

回目錄

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以計畫行為理論探討大陸學生來台研修之行為意向

THE STUDY OF INTENTION OF MAINLAND CHINESE STUDENTS’
SHORT-TERM STUDY IN TAIWAN

鄭時宜

樹德科技大學企業管理系助理教授

王柏英

樹德科技大學企業管理系學士生

Shih-I Cheng

Assistant Professor, Department of Business Administration, Shu-Te University

Bo-Ying Wang

Student, Department of Business Administration, Shu-Te University

摘要

少子化的衝擊使得國內各大專院校積極於海外招生，其中大陸的研修生因其法律規範較少以及語言相通等因素，已成為各校著力最深的生源之一。本研究只在探討大陸大學生對於來台短期研修的行為意向，以計畫行為理論為主要研究架構，加入行政資源構面為整合模型，綜以態度、主觀規範、知覺行為控制，行政資源與行為意向五個面向進行分析，運用描述性統計、獨立樣本ｔ檢定、單因子變異數分析、迴歸分析等統計方法進行檢定。本研究透過問卷調查進行資料收集，以大陸地區大學生為對象，經分析158個樣本後發現，主觀規範、知覺行為控制與行政資源，對學生來台短期研修之行為意向有顯著的預測力。根據本研究所得結果提出相關建議，供教育機構招收大陸研修生之參考。

關鍵字：計畫行為理論、大陸研修生

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study is toanalyze the factors that influence mainland Chinese students’ choice of Taiwan as their Short-Term study destination. We use the theory of planned behavior(TPB) as a theoretical basis, adding  administrativesupport for indentifying the factors which might influence students’ intentions to study in Taiwan .This paper tested the research model through a investigation of 158mainland Chinese students. The results indicated that subjective norms,Perceived behavioral control and administrativesupport factors had significant positive effects on intentions of students to study in Taiwan. The findings in this study were helpful for education providers to improve their strategies to recruit mainland Chinese students.

Keywords: Theory of Planned Behavior, Short-Term Study

回目錄

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知覺價值對消費者購買意願之影響─以棒球手套為例

THE INFLUENCE OF PERCEIVED VALUE ON PURCHASE INTENTION
AN EXAMPLE OF BASEBALL GLOVE

蔡維倫

國立雲林科技大學休閒運動研究所

Wei-Lun Tsai

Graduate Student, Graduate School of Leisure and Exercise Studies,
National Yunlin University of Science and Technology

摘要

棒球，一項台灣的國民運動，假日於各大河濱公園球場都能看到為數眾多的棒球運動參與者，而在從事棒球運動前每個人都必須擁有自己的一個手套，而國內市面上販售棒球手套的品牌超過數十家品牌，如何在龐大的市場中，脫穎而出獲得消費者的青睞，是廠商必須探討的課題。棒球運動參與者在購買手套前，內心會出現哪一些考慮的因素是本研究的研究動機之一，因此透過知覺價值的概念針對國內的棒球手套進行研究，研究結果可提供給業者未來在販售手套時如何吸引更多的目光，進而達到增加銷售量等目的。本研究透過問卷調查法，針對中部地區大專乙組球員進行調查，共發放235份問卷，回收有效問卷198份。回收的問卷透過SPSS21.0統計軟體進行分析，包含項目分析、因素分析、信效度分析、ｔ檢定、迴歸分析等統計分析方法，由研究結果給予以下研究建議：消費者在購買棒球手套前，最影響其購買意願的為情感因素，(一)有鑑於此廠商可以透過強有力的代表人加以行銷，或是以深入基層球隊之故事分享，甚至提供消費者實際體驗的方式，進而達到提高銷售的目的。(二)在消費者購買後提供多元的售後服務，讓消費者了解到廠商對於消費者的重視，提昇消費者之再購意願。

關鍵字：棒球、知覺價值、消費者購買意願

ABSTRACT

Baseball is one of the national sports in Taiwan. Many people play baseball by the riverside parks over the weekends, and everyone must have a glove to play. More than ten brands of baseball gloves sold in Taiwan each year, companies must study how to attract consumers to their gloves to make maximum profit, would be companies’ major concern. What were consumers’ thinking and considerations before purchasing gloves, in which was a motivation for research; therefore, applying the concept of perceived value on baseball gloves studies, the results of study could offer companies how to attract consumers’ attention and increase sales. The questionnaires was handed out to second division collegiate baseball plyers middle region of Taiwan, 235 distributed and 198 valid returned. SPSS 21.0 tool was utilized with item analysis, factors analysis, reliability, validity, t-test and regression. The result of the study found that affection was the most influential factors before consumers’ purchase, thus, the study made suggestions： 1. for companies： A. invite famous players to be spokespersons, B. players stories sharing, C. offer actual experiences for consumers, in order to promote the product to improve sales; 2. After sale services for consumers feeling the consideration from companies to increase repurchase. 

Keyword: Baseball, Perceived Value, Purchase Intention

回目錄

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臺灣牛熊證「流動性調整風險值」之研究

AN LAVAR INVESTIGATION ON TAIWAN CALLABLE BULL/BEAR CONTRACTS

蔡垂君

靜宜大學會計學系副教授

張員盛

靜宜大學會計學系

Chui-Chun Tsai

Associate Professor, Department of Accounting, Providence University

Yuan-Cheng Zhang

Department of Accounting, Providence University

摘要

本研究以Bangia et al.(1999)及Al Janabi(2008,2010,2012,2013)的實證概念，針對傳統風險值，區分流動性風險值分為外在流動性風險值及內在流動性風險值，針對台灣證券交易所掛牌交易的牛熊證評估流動性風險值，實證結果發現，在2012年6月1日至2013年12月31日期間所有的24個牛熊證交易紀錄，本研究應用Bollerslve(1986)所提出的GARCH模型來計算傳統風險值與流動性風險值，結果如下:(1)傳統風險值，熊證方面介於0.0594~0.6605，經回溯測試的結果，由於沒有考慮流動性風險值造成的影響，實際失敗率熊證部分介於0~53，其中有10個熊證的實際失敗率顯著的高於理論失敗率；牛證方面介於0.0419~2.3500，經回溯測試的結果，由於沒有考慮流動性風險值造成的影響，牛證部分介於0~88其中有6個牛證的實際失敗率顯著的高於理論失敗率。(2)流動性風險值，以價差分配規模因子a=3評估的結果，熊證部分風險值介於0.197~2.141，牛證部分風險值則為0.121~2.241，以價差分配規模因子a=3評估的結果並進行外在流動性風險的回溯測試，實證結果發現整體流動性調整風險值，在a=3評估的結果實際失敗率皆為0，均通過回溯測試。並研究峰態與偏態值，讓整體研究更加完整。

關鍵字：牛熊證、流動性調整風險值、買賣價差、持有期間、回溯測試

ABSTRACT

This paper combines Bangia et al,1999) & Al Janabi(2008, 2010, 2012, 2013) empirical concepts of risk for traditional value at risk. The liquidity adjusted value at risk includes exoside liquidity risk & ender liquidity risk. The liquidity-adjusted value is evaluated in Taiwan Callable Bull/Bear Contracts(CBBCs), The research sample has 24 CBBCs listed on TAIEX from Jan. 1 2012 June to December 31.This study uses GARCH model proposed by Bollerslve in 1986 to calculate the value of traditional risk & liquidity risk values. Results are as following: (a1) The Putable bear contracts range of traditional VaR is 0.0594 to0.6605.The back-testing results of real failure rate are 0 to 53. Which has 10 Putable bear contracts failure rate significantly higher than the theoretical failure rate.(a2) The Callable bull contracts range of traditional VaR is 0.0419 to 2.3500.The back-testing results of real failure rate are 0 to 88. Which has 6 Callable bull contracts failure rate significantly higher than the theoretical failure rate.(b) At the scale factor "a" is 3,the range of The Putable bear contracts liquidity adjust VaR is 0.197 to 2.141. the range of The Callable bull contracts liquidity adjust VaR is 0.121 to 2.241. There are not any futures significantly higher than theory failure rate.

Keywords: Callable Bull/Bear Contracts, Lavar, Bid-Ask Spread, Horizontal Period, Back-Testing

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貝佐斯開創及經營亞馬遜成功的關鍵策略因素

THE CRITICAL STRATEGIC FACTORS OF SUCESS IN THE OPERATION OF AMAZON AND ENTRPRENEURSHIP OF BEZOS

裘百明

中華科技大學國際商務與行銷系助理教授

Bai-Ming Ciou

Asistant Professor, Department of Internationl Business and Marketing,
China University of Science andTechnology

摘要

亞馬遜是網路世界的標竿公司，其營運範圍之廣，可稱為多邊平台，不僅提供產品，也提供雲端服務，甚至數位技術。亞馬遜的創辦人和執行長貝佐斯是電子商務的先鋒及零售業風雲人物，2014年哈彿商業評論把他名列為世界100強執行長的榜首。亞馬遜以網路書店開始，擴展到無所不賣的網路零售商，又成長為雲端服務供應商，最後轉型為高科技產品製造商及平台。貝佐斯創業及經營成功因素，除了他本身具有卓越的創業家精神外，還有關鍵策略因素，可在他所宣示的亞馬遜企業文化發現。關鍵策略因素有三方面：注重顧客需求，崇尚持續創新和堅持長期目標。

關鍵字：電子商務、雲端服務、亞馬遜公司、貝佐斯、經營策略

ABSTRACT

Amazon is a benchmark company online. With various lines of business, Amazon supplies products as well as provides computing service and digital technology. Jeff Bezos, the founder and the CEO of Amazon, is the pioneer and the prestigious leader in e-business. He led Amazon to success as a benchmark company with three strategic factors, embedded in its corporate culture, ---- customer focus, innovation and long-term approach.

Keywords: E-Business, Computing Service, Amazon.Com, Bezos, Business Strategy

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小型知識密集廠商產品創新保護與上市決策模式

DECISION MODELS FOR THE SKI FIRM PRODUCT INNOVATION SECRETS PROTECTION AND ENTRY MARKET

李能慧

國立金門大學企業管理學系助理教授

王興國

國立金門大學企業管理學系副教授

顏郁芳

國立金門大學企業管理學系副教授

吳桂森

中華民國管理科學學會會員

Neng-Huei Lee

Assistant Professor, Department of Business Administration, National Quemoy University

Hsing-Kuo, Wang

Associate Professor, Department of Business Administration, National Quemoy University

Yu-Fang, Yen

Associate Professor, Department of Business Administration, National Quemoy University

Guey-Sen We

A Member of The Chinese Management Association

摘要

小型知識密集廠商（small and knowledge-intensive firm, SKI firm）能調適現有產品與服務使所導入的新產品和新服務更佳貼近顧客需求，創造並新增大部份的工作機會，又對於創新與技術變革方面加以貢獻，使得小型知識密集廠商成為創新與經濟復甦的關鍵角色。新產品和新服務是組織績效和生存的根本。新產品的導入增強了廠商面對新市場之需求，並助益廠商建立其在新技術世代的地位。在創新文獻中，新產品導入步調的關鍵邏輯與新知識和新資訊等之搜尋、分辨有關。新穎創意在成為有價值的創意之前，大多不夠完整，待洞悉、補足欠缺。在知識密集產品（knowledge-intensive products）的研發脈絡中，接近研發資源幾乎不可或缺。透過市場補足其欠缺又難以防止創意被竊佔風險。小型廠商較易建立內部防線，確保創意之產生、擴散、補足至完成皆不洩露。因此，小型廠商亦必須獲取內部創意所有權並預防洩密。一般而言，對於產品生命週期短，或申請專利所揭露之資訊，容易被專利迴避做法所偷竊時，廠商則採用「營業秘密」作為創新保密的重要方式。創新產品上市會吸引競爭廠商採取獨自發掘（independent discovery）、還原工程（reverse engineering）等複製方式，進入市場分享利潤。本文據此分析小型創始廠商之研發密集產品（DIP, development intensive product）在獨占、寡占等市場中對於產銷量、品質、保密期等決策變數與研發成本、上市成本之關係建構決策模式，並回應了Hellmann & Perotti（2011）創始廠商對於研發創意、上市等沉沒固定成本的容忍上限。

關鍵字：小型知識密集廠商、創新保密、上市

ABSTRACT

Small and knowledge-intensive firms also adapt existing products and services to better fit customer needs. The SKI firms create a large proportion of new jobs and that they contribute to both innovation and technological change. Today, we regard SKI firms as key players in the innovation and renewal of economy. Novel ideas are initially incomplete and require further insight before yielding a valuable innovation. Finding the complementary piece requires ideas to circulate, which creates appropriation risks in market. Firms can establish boundaries that guarantee safe circulation of internal ideas, creating an environment for internal idea generation. They must be able to claim ownership on internal idea to prevent unauthorized leakages. Patent are not suitable for short life cycle product, or these novel ideas are easy stolen by patent evasion. In these situations trade secret is an important protection type for this innovation leader. Trade secret produces a new product for sale, and the competitors may develop it by independent discovery or reverse engineering, and then enter into this market to earn profits. We construct these decision models for market structures of DIP (development intensive product) in monopoly and Cournot oligopoly competition, and to analyze these relations between the production quantity, quality, secret protection horizon and innovation cost, entry market cost. We response Hellmann & Perotti(2011) how are these costs too high to entrance into market for the idea-generation and the sunk fixed cost .

Keywords: Small and Knowledge-Intensive Firms, Innovation Secret Protection, Entry Market

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企業家的工作鑲嵌與創業機會開發路徑之研究

THE STUDY OF RESEARCH AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF EMBEDDED PATH OF ENTREPRENEURS

李陳國

嶺東科技大學國際企業系專任副教授

王韋筑

嶺東科技大學國際企業系研究所碩士生

Chen-Kuo Lee

Associate Professor, Institution of International Business, Ling Tung University

Wei-Zhu Wang

Graduate Student, Institution of International Business, Ling Tung University

摘要

現有的大部分研究把影響創業機會開發的因素歸咎於創業機會屬性與創業者的個人特徵，並沒有關注創業者的「鑲嵌性」這個關鍵要素。因此在此部份，本文引入社會學鑲嵌性研究視角，通過歸納和分析已有的工作鑲嵌和創業研究成果，建立基於工作鑲嵌的企業家創業機會開發路徑模型。在此基礎上，運用賽局理論模型具體分析基於工作鑲嵌所形成的人力資本、社會資本等資源與企業家不同創業路徑的收益的關係，進而揭示工作鑲嵌因素如何影響企業家進行創業機會開發和創業路徑選擇的過程。

關鍵字：工作鑲嵌、創業機會、賽局理論

ABSTRACT

Most of the existing studies of the factors that influence the development of business opportunities on the individual characteristics of entrepreneurial opportunity and the entrepreneur's property, and not concerned about the entrepreneur's "mosaic of" the key elements. Therefore, in this part, this paper introduces a mosaic of sociological perspective, by induction and analysis of existing research work and entrepreneurship mosaic, establish opportunities to develop entrepreneurial path model based on the work of mosaic. On the basis of, theory Model innings specific analysis work proceeds mosaic formed human capital, social capital and other resources to entrepreneurs in different entrepreneurial path-based relationship, thus revealing mosaic work process factors affect entrepreneurs entrepreneurial opportunities and entrepreneurial development path chosen.

Keywords: Mosaic Work, Entrepreneurial Opportunities, Game Theory

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跨國企業策略聯盟行為之賽局理論分析

A GAME THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF
TRANSNATIONAL CORPORATION STRATEGIC ALLIANCE BEHAVIOR

李陳國

嶺東科技大學國際企業系專任副教授

陳麗如

大葉大學管理學院博士班研究生

Chen-Kuo Lee

Associate Professor, Institution of International Business, Ling Tung University

Li-Ru Chen

PHD Program of the Management College, Da-Yeh University

摘要

跨國企業策略聯盟組織的不穩定性，其重要根源是由於合作伙伴行為的不確定性引起的。可以說，儘管人們都期待共同合作，聯盟組織並不會自動產生，因為「經濟人」的自利傾向和個人理性會降低合作的效率。因此，本文以「囚犯困境」的靜態賽局和動態賽局為研究對象，証明了跨國企業策略聯盟穩定存在的可能性。為了提高聯盟的穩定性，合作伙伴在行為上必須遵守以下原則：(1)正確區分競爭策略與合作策略(2)不能率先背叛合作伙伴(3)對合作與背叛都要給予回報(4)合作伙伴應該保持良好的合作聲譽。

關鍵字：跨國企業、策略聯盟、賽局理論

ABSTRACT

The instability of Transnational Corporation Strategic Alliance (TSAs) derives to great extent from uncertainty of partner’s behavior. It is safe to say that alliance organization might not come into being automatically in line with expectation for the reason of self-interest and individual rationality features. In this section, comparing the static and iterated game equilibrium of prisoner’s dilemma, the probability of stable TSAs organizations is demonstrated. To enhance the stability of TSAs, partner firms must obey following rules. Firstly, differentiating the competitive strategies and cooperative strategies. Secondly, never be first mover in defecting partners. Thirdly, retaliating defector by defection and repaying cooperator with cooperation definitely and quickly. Fourthly, partners should do their best to bring up trustworthy reputation in the past cooperation history.

Keywords: Transnational Corporation, Strategic Alliance, Game Theory

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探討低碳新市鎮佈置之規劃問題

PLANNING ARRANGEMENT OF A LOW-CARBON NEW TOWNS

吳明蔓

國立雲林科技大學工業工程與管理研究所研究生

費薇珊

國立雲林科技大學工業工程與管理研究所研究生

黃志剛

國立雲林科技大學工業工程與管理研究所教授

Ming-Man Wu

Graduate Student, Department of Industrial Engineering and Management,
National Yulin University of Science & Technology

Wei-Shan Fei

Graduate Student, Department of Industrial Engineering and Management,
National Yulin University of Science & Technology

Zhi-Gang Huang

Professor, Department of Industrial Engineering and Management,
National Yulin University of Science & Technology

摘要

氣候變遷是近年來社會關注的重要議題，其中影響最劇烈的即是溫室效應，因此全球各地都積極推行低碳活動，而有效的城市佈置將可減少總運輸距離，進一步減少二氧化碳排放量，達到低碳低汙染的城市，此即為本研究之主要動機。

本研究針對高雄市-新市鎮進行佈置與分析，以區塊分割的概念下，探討如何規劃新市鎮建築密度問題、土地使用類別的區位選擇與交通流量規劃，首先建構以汙染成本為核心的數學模型。研究考量兩項都市規劃所造成碳排放之汙染成本，而汙染來源分別為：（1）建築物建材生產與營建、及（2）交通行駛路徑，以總汙染成本最小化為目標。

經驗證數學模式後，再開發適合本研究之模擬退火演算法進行建築密度及區塊佈置改善，求解每一土地使用類型區塊內之建築數量，及各土地使用類型之最佳位置，後續再以敏感度分析探討包含：建築密度變化對於住宅人口數的影響及安全距離變化對於總汙染成本的影響。實驗結果顯示，在建築密度臨界值（含）或以上，可確保可容納人口數高於計畫人口數，在安全距離設定上，本研究假設距離確實較佳。最終達到幫助城市規劃者透過系統化分析，以提高規劃的工作效率並改善規劃品質。

關鍵字：建築密度、城市佈置、碳排放成本

ABSTRACT

Countries around the world are actively promoting a low-carbon urban layout which will reduce the total transport distance and reduce carbon dioxide emissions. This research develops a mathematical model to solve the layout problem for a new town in Kaohsiung City. We discuss that how to plan building density problem, location selection of land use in different categories, and transportation routes for the new town.

The objective function of the grid-type layout is to minimize the pollution costs generated by transportation and building density.

After verification of the model, this research then develops a solution algorithm by using simulated annealing logics. This heuristic algorithm trys to optimize the building density in blocks, the grid-type layout, and transportation routes.

The results of sensitivity analysis show that the building density ensures the population higher than requived population and a better safety – distance can be found. Ultimately, this study can help the urban planners through systematic analysis proposed in this research to increase planning efficiency and improve planning quality.

Keywords: Building Density, Urban Layout, Cost of Carbon Dioxide Emission

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紅色供應鏈之存活期間分析：中國進出口貿易之驗證

ANALYSIS OF RED SUPPLY CHAIN AND DURATION:
EVIDENCE FROM IMPORT AND EXPORT IN CHINA

蔡欣芳

國立中興大學應用經濟學系

林詠萱

國立中興大學應用經濟學系

李梓銘

國立中興大學農業經濟與行銷碩士學位學程

張國益

國立中興大學應用經濟學系

Hsin-Fang Tsai

Department of Applied Economics, National Chung Hsing University

Yung-Hsuan Lin

Department of Applied Economics, National Chung Hsing University

Tzu-Ming Lee

Master Program of Agricultural Economics and Marketing, National Chung Hsing University

Kuo-I Chang

Department of Applied Economics, National Chung Hsing University

摘要

中國大陸自1978年改革開放以來，藉由豐富的自然資源、低廉的工資、寬鬆的環保規範及政府的強勢公權力，吸引外資進入中國市場設立工廠，使多項產業具有世界工廠在中國大陸的特徵，同時由於長年代工技術的累積、龐大的內需市場及國外市場的逐漸萎縮，更讓中國大陸的紅色供應鏈逐漸崛起。本研究利用日本獨立法人經濟產業研究所RIETI-TID之1980年至2013年共34年的中國大陸進出口貿易年資料，並就產業別及製程別進行研究，採用Kaplan-Meier估計存活率來比較產業別及製程別產品的貿易存續穩定性，同時觀測中國大陸近期所推行的「十一五」及「十二五」政策所產生的產業結構調整進而影響不同製程別貿易存續穩定性。

由估計結果顯示，隨著時間推移、技術進步，透過全球製造供應鏈的調整，促使中國大陸出口數字與日劇增。出口端以最終財製程貿易關係較中間財製程及初級產品維持較長的期間，且面對較低的貿易失敗風險率。此外，透過中國大陸產業結構調整的相關政策，從過去須仰賴技術領先國家輸入中間財製程產品，以利加工製造最終財製程產品輸往全球，轉變為輸入中間財製程產品及原料製程產品。此進口端的製程別貿易存續上的改變，證明該國已逐步建立起在地業者供應鏈（亦即紅色供應鏈）的完整性。

關鍵字：存活模型、紅色供應鏈、中間財、最終財

ABSTRACT

China has attracted huge foreign capital and investment in establishing new factories by means of abundant natural resources, low wages, ease of environmental regulations and hard authority of government since 1978, which was the year that economic reform started. Therefore, China is considered to be the world factory in many industries. Due to the long-term accumulation of OEM technologies, enormity of domestic demand market and gradual recession of foreign market, “Red Supply Chain” rose abruptly. In this study, we employed the import and export data of China since 1980 to 2013,（34 years）, from Research Institute of Economy, Trade & Industry（RIETI-TID）with Kaplan-Meier survival estimation. We also compared the survival stability by the categories of industry and productive stages while observing whether the outcome was affected by “11th Five-Year Plan” and “12th Five-Year Plan”.

The results showed that as time passed by and procession of technology, the adjustment of global manufacturing supply chain intensively increased the export from China. Final goods ended up with a longer duration and lower failure probability than intermediate goods and primary products. In addition, through the relevant policies in industrial restructuring of China, we could observe the significant change from the structure of manufacturing. The situation that China imported intermediate goods from other countries and processed them into final goods before exporting to the world was changing to importing primary products and intermediate goods instead. The survival evidence implies that China has gradually completed the outcome of Red Supply Chain.

Keywords: Survival Model, Red Supply Chain, Intermediate Goods, Final Goods

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資訊品質、流程成熟度、組織能力與公司績效之探討

A STUDY ON INFORMATION QUALITY, PROCESS SOPHISTICATION, ORGANIZATIONAL CAPABILITY AND CORPORATE PERFORMANCE

曾淑美

義守大學資訊管理學系副教授

白邵逸

義守大學資訊管理研究所研究生

Shu-Mei Tseng

Associate Professor, Department of Information Management,
I-Shou University

Shau-Yi Bai

Graduate Student, Department of Information Management,
I-Shou University

摘要

許多管理者已意識到提供高品質資訊以使員工能迅速檢視企業內部的資訊與找到所需的外部資訊之重要性。再者，面對企業流程的日益複雜化，企業必須找到可維繫的優勢，以期在所處的環境下有傑出的表現。由此可知，企業應用資訊系統的資訊品質與其執行企業策略以達成目標的能力息息相關，許多企業因此大量投資於資訊系統，以期實現卓越的營運。然而，檢視過去相關研究發現，較少文獻從企業流程成熟度的觀點來探討應用資訊系統之資訊品質與其組織的作業能力和績效表現之間的關係。所以本研究擬以問卷調查法為工具，以深入探討企業應用系統之資訊品質、流程成熟度、組織的作業能力與公司績效表現之間的互動影響關係，進而提出具體建議，以供企業未來提升其競爭優勢與達成永續經營之參考。

關鍵字：資訊品質、流程成熟度、作業能力、公司績效

ABSTRACT

Many managers have realized the importance of providing high-quality information to their staff and make them can immediately view the internal information and find the required external information. Moreover, facing increasing complexity of business processes, enterprises should find ways to maintain competitive advantage in order to keep up outstanding performance. Therefore, there is a close relationship between the information quality of enterprise application systems and to achieve strategic business objectives. Business firms thus invest heavily in information systems to achieve operational excellence. However, reviewing previous studies and it is found that there are still few literatures that investigate the relationship among information quality, operational capability, and corporate performance from the perspective of process sophistication. Therefore, this study will apply questionnaire as the main tool to investigate the relationship among the information quality, process sophistication, operational capability, and corporate performance. Based on the results, specific recommendations are provide for enterprises to enhance competitive advantage and achieve sustainability.

Keywords: Information Quality, Process Sophistication, Operational Capability, Corporate Performance

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探討手機成癮之研究

An Empirical Study of Smartphone Addiction

徐慧霞

中華科技大學資訊管理系

常有為

中華科技大學經營管理研究所

游亭亭

中華科技大學資訊管理系

摘要

近年來，行動裝置的應用吸引了越來越多的關注，但隨著智慧性手機提供便捷生活的同時，也給人們帶來了精神或是健康方面的負面影響，「手機依賴症」或是「手機成癮症」的精神疾病也隨之而生，就與早年的「網路成癮」相類似，屬於一種「成癮障礙」。本研究以自我效能理論為基楚，主要在探討手機成癮與社會自我效能、情感自我效能、手機自我效能以及科技壓力、時間彈性與強迫性焦慮等因素之間的關係，經相關文獻理論探討，建立研究假設，並以智慧型手機使用者為問卷填答的對象，探討可能造成手機成癮之成因。透過回收有效問卷268份，並以 SmartPLS 為資料分析工具進行實證分析，而分析的結論為手機自我效能、科技壓力、強迫性焦慮與手機成癮有顯著正向的影響，顯示對受測者來說，最重要的成因為強迫性焦慮，其次為科技壓力與手機自我效能。本研究之結果則提供業界及學界參考。

關鍵字：自我效能理論、社會自我效能、情感自我效能、手機自我效能、電腦自我效能、科技壓力、強迫性焦慮、時間彈性、手機依賴症、手機成癮、SmartPLS

ABSTRACT

The application of smartphone has attracted a lot of attention in the mobile communication era. The smartphone provides us the richness and convenient life. However the negative impact of smartphone using on health and spirit issues, such as smartphone addiction and mobile phone addiction, have been discussed in recent years. There are a lot of discussions for internet addiction or social network addiction in previous studies. However, there are a few researches on smartphone addiction. In this study, we based on the Self-efficacy theory model, extended by technostress, time flexibility and compulsive anxiety as our research model and try to figure out the facts influence smartphone addiction. Hypothesis testing was performed using SmartPLS on data collected with 268 smartphone users. The results show that smartphone addictions were affected by compulsive anxiety, technostress and smartphone self-efficacy. Theoretical and practical implications were discussed.

Keywords: Social Self-Efficacy, Emotional Self-Efficacy, Smartphone Self-Efficacy, Technostress, Time Flexibility, Compulsive Anxiety, Smartphone Addiction, SmartPLS

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負面報導嚴重程度、公司信譽、知覺風險與再購意願之研究

A STUDY ON NEGATIVE PUBLICITY SEVERITY, CORPORATE REPUTATION,
PERCEIVED RISK AND REPURCHASE INTENTION

蕭至惠

國立嘉義大學行銷與觀光管理學系教授

蔡進發

國立嘉義大學企業管理學系副教授

陳乃妤

國立嘉義大學行銷與運籌研究所研究生

Chih-Hui Hsiao

Professor, Department of Marketing and Tourism Management,
National Chiayi University

Chin-Fa Tsai

Associate Professor, Department of Business Administration,
National Chiayi University

Nai-Yu Chen

Graduate Student, Graduate Institute of Marketing and Logistics,
National Chiayi University

摘要

本研究採單因子（負面報導嚴重程度：強、弱）實驗設計，並採用網路發放問卷，有效問卷共計407份。本研究結果顯示：(一)相較於嚴重程度弱的負面報導，嚴重程度強的負面報導會有較高的知覺風險；(二)相較於公司信譽不良，公司信譽良好會有較低的知覺風險；(三)心理風險、財務風險與身體風險對再購意願具有負面影響，但社會風險與績效風險對再購意願不具有負面影響；(四)當公司信譽良好時，無論負面報導嚴重程度的強弱，消費者的知覺風險不會有顯著差異，而當公司信譽不良時，強烈的負面報導嚴重程度下的知覺風險將會顯著大於微弱的負面報導。

關鍵字：負面報導、公司信譽、知覺風險、再購意願

ABSTRACT

This study used single-factor experiment design: 2(negative publicity perceived severity: strong/low). We use online survey and collect 407 questionaires. The main results of this study are as follows. (1) In contrat to low negative publicity perceived severity, high negative publicity perceived severity has higher perceived risk. (2) In contrat to low corporate reputation, high corporate reputation has lower perceived risk. (3) Psychological risk, financial risk and physical risk have negative effects to repurchase intention, but social risk and performance risk do not have negative effects to repurchase intention. (4) Under high corporate reputation, regardless of negative publicity perceived severity is strong or low, consumer’s perceived risk is no difference. But under low corporate reputation, if negative publicity perceived severity is strong, perceived risk is higher than negative publicity perceived severity is low.

Keywords: Negative Publicity, Corporate Reputation, Perceived Risk, Repurchase Intention

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食品口感描述對熱量預估與購買意願之影響：文獻回顧與命題發展

Effects of descriptions of food oral haptics on calorie estimations and purchase intentions: Literature review and proposition development

周軒逸

國立中山大學行銷傳播管理研究所助理教授

邱育佳

國立中山大學行銷傳播管理研究所研究生

Hsuan-Yi Chou

Assistant Professor, Institute of Marketing Communication,
National Sun Yat-sen University

Yu-Chia Chiu

Graduate Student, Institute of Marketing Communication,
National Sun Yat-sen University

摘要

在全球肥胖問題日益嚴重之下，健康飲食成為現代人生活型態主流，消費者除了檢視食品包裝上的營養訊息之外，也常受口感經驗、食品廣告圖片和文案敘述內容而左右其消費決策，其中又以口感經驗為食品評價和衡量熱量的第一印象，也是消費者最直接的感受和影響後續是否繼續消費的重要感官因素。由於以往研究中對於口感經驗（軟嫩vs.硬脆）如何影響熱量預估與消費意願的研究並不多見，且現場體驗試吃的行銷模式亦有其使用上的限制，故本研究旨在探討當食品口感經驗轉化為文字描述後，運用經驗連結的心理作用、圖像基模理論和解釋水平理論，檢視廣告中口感描述文字對消費者食品熱量預估與購買意願之影響，分析食品健康訴求、消費者瘦身意圖、食品圖片拍攝視角之可能干擾，以及不同拍攝視角下食品圖片對消費者食品觀感的直接影響，透過文獻分析提出相關命題，作為後續研究的基礎。本研究不但增添食品消費研究成果的累積，對於經驗連結理論、圖像基模、解釋水平理論等提出相關意涵，並能提供食品製造商、行銷人員和消費者做決策時的實質建議和幫助。

關鍵字：口感經驗、熱量估計、購買意願、圖像基模理論、解釋水平理論

ABSTRACT

Given the increasing severity of obesity-related problems around the world, eating healthy has become the mainstream lifestyle today. Besides reading nutrition-related messages on food packages, consumers often make food consumption decisions on the basis of oral haptic (mouthfeel) experiences, images of food, and text descriptions in advertisements. Oral haptics are often the first impression in food evaluation. Additionally, oral haptics are the most direct and important sensory experience that affects whether the consumer continues to consume the food. However, there has not been much research that examines how the oral haptics (soft vs. hard) of foods affect consumers’ calorie estimations and consumption intentions. Considering the application limitations of food trials, this study converts the actually-experienced oral haptics into pure text descriptions. Based on association theories, image schema theory, and construal level theory, this study examines the effects of oral haptic descriptions in advertisements on consumers’ calorie estimations and purchase intentions. Additionally, it analyzes the possible moderation of food health claims, consumers’ weight-loss intentions, and the camera angle of foods pictured in the advertisements. The direct impact of camera angles on food perception is also examined. Through an intensive literature review and analysis, this study develops related propositions for further research. The research results provide theoretical implications on food consumption research, association theories, image schema theory, and construal level theory. Considering consumer welfare and corporate profitability, this study also provides suggestions for food manufacturers, marketers, and consumers.

Keywords: Oral Haptics, Calorie Estimation, Purchase Intention, Image Schema Theory, Construal Level Theory

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職場友誼與離職意圖關係之研究：以幸福感為中介效果

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WORKPLACE FRIENDSHIP AND TURNOVER INTENTION：
THE MEDIATING EFFECT OF WELL-BEING

李旭梅

大葉大學人力資源暨公共關係學系助理教授

蔡碧珊

大葉大學人力資源暨公共關係學系碩士班研究生

Hsu-Mei Lee

Assistant Professor, Department of Human Resource and Public Relations,
Da-Yeh University

Bi-Sanm Tsai

Graduate Student, Department of Human Resource and Public Relations,
Da-Yeh University

摘要

本研究目的在探討職場友誼對離職意圖的影響，並進一步探究職場友誼是否透過幸福感影響員工的離職意圖。研究資料來自263份有效問卷。研究結果發現，職場友誼會正向影響幸福感、幸福感對離職意圖有負向影響，幸福感會中介職場友誼與離職意圖之間的關係。

關鍵字：職場友誼、幸福感、離職意圖

ABSTRACT

This study explores the relationships among workplace friendship, well-being and turnover intention. Data were collected from 263 full-time workers. The results found that workplace friendship has a positive effect on well-being. Well-being has a negative effect on turnover intention. Moreover, well-being mediates the relationship between workplace friendship and turnover intention.

Keywords: Workplace Friendship, Well-Being, Turnover Intention

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派外人員探索利用之研究─前項與後續效果

Expatriate’s Exploration/Exploitation: Antecedents and Consequences

林亮宏

國立高雄應用科技大學國際企業系教授

巫靖儀

國立高雄應用科技大學國際企業系碩士

賀幼玲

國立臺東專科學校通識教育中心副教授

Liang-Hung Lin

Professor, Department of International Business,
National Kaohsiung University of Applied Sciences

Ching-Yi Wu

Master, Department of International Business,
National Kaohsiung University of Applied Sciences

Yu-Ling Ho

Associate Professor, General Education Center,
National Taitung Junior College

摘要

知識經濟的環境裡，員工是組織重要的人力資產，尤其員工行為更是組織應當重視、探討的議題。本研究以組織探索/利用的觀點為基礎，研究個人探索/利用的形成原因及後續影響。前項部分探討人格特質及組織結構因素對個人探索/利用的影響，繼而依前項探討之結果，探討個人探索/利用是否影響員工海外適應。本研究採用複迴歸分析驗證個人探索/利用、人格特質、組織結構與海外適應等各項因素之間的關聯性，並進一步探討個人探索在人格特質與海外適應間之中介效果。透過此實證研究，提供跨國企業人力資源管理的參考依據，亦可作為後續研究之基礎。

關鍵字：個人探索/利用、人格特質、組織結構、海外適應

ABSTRACT

In the knowledge economy, employees are considered as important human resources for organizations and their behavior is one of the most significant issues that each organization shouldn’t overlook. Based on organizational exploration/exploitation theory, this study aims at discussing antecedents and consequences of individual exploration/exploitation. This study firstly discusses the effect of antecedents (i.e., personality trait and organizational structure) on individual exploration/exploitation and then whether individual exploration/exploitation will affect overseas adaptation. By using multiple regressions, this study analyzes the connections among individual exploration/exploitation, personality trait, organizational structure and overseas adaptation, and discusses whether individual exploration has the intermediate effect between personality trait and overseas adaptation. This study provides implications for human resource management in multinational corporations, as well as related research in the future.

Keywords：Individual Exploration/Exploitation, Personality Trait, Organizational Structure, Overseas Adaptation

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應用DANP之多準則決策模式探討員工離職傾向之研究

The Study for Application DANP-MCDM Model Explore to Employee’s Turnover Intention

王建驊

仰恩大學市場營銷系

蔡介原

康寧大學資訊管理學系

龐金宗

元智大學資訊管理學系

Chien-Hua Wang

Department of Marketing, Yang-En University

Jich-Yan Tsai

Department of Information Management, University of Kang Ning

Chin-Tzong Pang

Department of Information Management, Yuan Ze University

摘要

我國經濟型態從農業、工業，轉型成現階段之高科技產業，引導著國家經濟發展走向；而高科技產業具有之市場變化快、產品週期短、技術持續創新等特性。再加上全球金融海嘯之嚴厲衝擊，其產業人員所感受到的工作壓力可想而知。員工，是企業的最大資產，在所需人才招募不易且流動率高的情形下，唯有育才及留才才是企業著重要點。

本研究旨在建構出離職傾向之架構，透過工作滿意度與工作壓力之相關文獻，藉由專家訪談，發展出適合離職傾向之構面與屬性。應用多準則決策(MCDM)架構的DEMATEL Based ANP (DANP)模式來了解離職傾向間影響關聯性及重要程度。希望透過所建立的離職傾向模式，能有效改善員工工作滿意度，進而降低員工之工作壓力及離職傾向，減少人員流動率，提昇生產效率，降低營運成本。

關鍵字：工作滿意度、工作壓力、離職傾向、多準則決策、DAMATEL Based ANP (DANP)

ABSTRACT

Up to the present, Taiwanese semiconductor industry which is still the major industry for national economic development, and the output value and market share is 1st in the world. However, the characteristics of high-tech industry include market changes rapid, product cycle short and so on. Furthermore, the attack of Financial Tsunami of the global, the work stress was felt very heavy by employees. The professional persons difficult hired and were fluid easily, so employees' recruiting, training, and keep the excellent peoples are very important.

The aim of this paper establishes framework of turnover intention which refers relative literatures of work satisfaction and work stress and applies expert interviews to develop appropriate dimensions and criteria for turnover intention. Next, applying multiple-criteria decision making (MCDM) framework DEMATEL Based ANP (DANP) model to explore the turnover intention affects affect the correlation between the extent and importance through seven experts in product development areas with practical experience. We expect that employees’ work stress and turnover intention could be reduced, the employee turnover rate could be lowered, production efficiency could be improved and operating costs could be reduced.

Keywords: Work Satisfaction, Work Stress, Turnover Intention, Multiple-Criterion Decision Making (MCDM), DEMATEL Based ANP (DANP)

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